DIABETICS AND IT’S IMPLICATIONS ON OUR HEALTH/MANAGEMENT OF THE ILLNESS

LECTURE PRESENTED BY OKOH MAUREEN CHIYEM
AT EWERE OKONTA BLOGS (EOB) THURSDAY
LECTURE SERIES. HELD ON 12TH NOVEMBER, 2020.

TOPIC: DIABETICS AND IT’S IMPLICATIONS ON OUR
HEALTH/MANAGEMENT OF THE ILLNESS

OVERVIEW
Definition: Diabetes in a simple term is a condition in which the body cannot produce a enough insulin or cannot make use of the insulin produce normally in the body.

INSULIN: The Endocrine system/glands is responsible for the release of hormones into the blood stream and this hormones travel to cells in different part of the body and the pancreas is one of the organ that regulate blood glucose level.
It releases the Insulin which helps sugar to enter the body to be used as fuel or Energy.

PREVALENCE RATES: It is Epidemics in nature and affects both male and female from infancy to adult.
In Nigerian, the alarming rate is high (1.7%) of the population while in USA in 2018, about 31.4millons people are affected.

PREDOSPING RISK FACTORS

1. Age 26-69years
2. Both sexes
3. Obesity (fat people)
4. Family history of Diabetes
5. Sedentary life styles e.g. Alcohol, smoking and
6. High blood pressure.
   CAUSES:

• Dysfunction of the pancreas especially on islet of langerhrus.
• Low Immunity

TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUS:

1. Diabetes type 1 (Dependent Insulin)
2. Diabetes type 2 (insulin resistance)
3. Gestational Diabetes.

CLINICAL SIGNS OF DIABETES MELLITUS
a. Polyuria (frequent urination)
b. Unexplainable weight loss
c. Hyperglycemia
d. Hypoglycemia
f. Susceptibility to infection.
g. Delay wound healing.
h. Blurring of vision.
I. Drowsiness
k. Excessive thirst.

NORMAL RANGE Of SUGAR LEVEL IN THE BODY.

• 60- 120mg/dl

ABNORMAL RANGE OF SUGAR LEVEL IN THE BODY.

• Anything less than 60mg /dl is Hypoglycemia .
• Anything greater than 120mg/ dl is considered Diabetes.
  It is advisable to run a test to check your sugar E.g. FBS or RBS.

FASTING BLOOD SUGAR (FBS):
This is done very early in the morning preferable 6am after 8 hours fast over night.

RANDOM BLOOD SUGAR (RBS):
A test carried out after food intake or emergency situations.

TREATMENTS OF DIABETES:
The use of insulin
The use of drugs e.g. Metformin 500mg to 1000mg depending on severity of the iliness .

WAYS TO AVOID INCREASED SUGAR / MANAGEMENT

1. Individuals from 40years above should monitor their sugar level at least once in month.
2. People whose parents are diabetes should ensure they check their sugar level every two weeks.
3. For those with Diabetes should meet a dietician to draw up a food menu plan and follow it up.
4. Do not skip meal to avoid break down of sugar.
5. People with increased Body mass index should walk out on a daily exercises to reduced weight.
6. Women with bad osebrtc history e.g. Miscarriage, Prenatal death and big babies (5kg) on delivery should ensure they check their sugar level throughout pregnancy.
7. People should avoid walking on barefoot to prevent injury to the legs and use of sharp objects.
8. Eat more of protein, vitamins and less of carbohydrates and fats.
9. Fruits like Garden eggs, Cucumber and Carrot, Avocado, Lemons and Nuts. They do not contain sugar.
10. Avoid or reduced alcoholic and soft drinks e.g. Malt, Coke and Fanta.
11. For those with Diabetes, eat more of unripe plantain, Beans, Moi Moi and Water Yam.

COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS
a. Amputation of the affected Limbs
b. Renal problem
c. Blindness
d. Infertility
f. Infection
g. Nerve damage
h. Delay wound healing
I. Skin conditions.

Thanks.

Okoh Maureen Chiyem